The number one predictor of casualties was the total number of bullets fired. They also found that the chance of being hit in combat was essentially random - that is, accurate "aiming" made little difference because the targets no longer sat still. In a highly mobile war combat teams ran into each other largely by surprise, and the team with the higher firepower tended to win. Their basic conclusion was that most combat takes place at short ranges. Over 3 million battlefield reports from WWII were analyzed and over the next few years they released a series of reports on their findings. One of their first efforts, Project ALCLAD, studied body armor and quickly concluded that they would need to know considerably more about battlefield injuries in order to make reasonable suggestions. In 1948, the Army organized the civilian Operations Research Office (ORO), mirroring similar operations research organizations in the United Kingdom. The M16A3 is a fully-automatic variant of the M16A2, issued primarily within the U.S. Previous versions of the weapon are still in stock and used primarily by reserve and national guard units in the United States as well as by the U.S. The M16A2, in turn, is currently being supplemented by the M16A4, which incorporates the modular flattop receiver unit developed for the M4 Carbine. This weapon remained the primary infantry rifle of the United States military from 1967 until the 1980s, when it was supplemented by the M16A2. The M16A1 was simply the M16 with a forward assist as requested by the Army. Various modified versions of the M16 design were subsequently fielded under experimental designations, culminating in the M16A1. The M16 was first adopted in 1964 by the United States Air Force (USAF) as the M16. Semi-automatic versions, generally referred to as "AR-15s" (because of Colt's revival of the nomenclature to describe their civilian line), are popular recreational firearms in the United States, with versions manufactured by a handful of larger manufacturers and over a dozen smaller concerns. The M16 is primarily manufactured by Colt and Fabrique Nationale de Herstal, with variants produced by numerous countries around the world. The M16A4 features a handguard with four Picatinny rails for mounting optical sights, laser pointers, night vision, forward handgrips, removable carry handle and flashlights. In the United States Army, a combination of the M16A4 and M4 Carbine continue to replace existing M16A2s. Finally, the M16A4 became standard issue for the United States Marine Corps during Operation Iraqi Freedom, increasingly replacing the earlier M16A2. Mode of fire is determined by using a selector switch on the side of the weapon. The M16A2 can fire either semi-automatic or bursts of up to three rounds. The second was the M16A2, which entered service in the 1980s and fires the Belgian-designed M855/M856 rounds (adopted at that time as the new 5.56 x 45 mm NATO standard round). M193/M196 round that could fire in either semi- or fully-automatic modes. The first was M16, followed by the M16A1, which fired a U.S. There have been four principal versions of the M16. It is constructed of steel, aluminum and composite plastics. The M16 is a lightweight, 5.56 mm caliber, air-cooled, gas-operated, magazine-fed rifle, with a rotating bolt, actuated by direct impingement gas operation. It has been the primary infantry rifle of the United States military since 1967, is in use by 15 NATO countries, and has been the most produced firearm in its caliber. It is an assault rifle which fires NATO standard 5.56 mm ammunition. military designation for a family of rifles derived from the ArmaLite AR-15 and further developed by Colt. M16 Rifle From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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